일사병 (Heat exhaustion)과 열사병 (Heat stroke)의 다른점

 

일사병 (Heat exhaustion)과 열사병 (Heat stroke)의 다른점

 

일사병 (Heat Exhaustion)이란,

 

Heat exhaustion is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy sweating and a rapid pulse, a result of your body overheating. It's one of three heat-related syndromes, with heat cramps being the mildest and heatstroke being the most severe.

 

Causes of heat exhaustion include exposure to high temperatures, particularly when combined with high humidity, and strenuous physical activity. Without prompt treatment, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition. Fortunately, heat exhaustion is preventable.

 

 

나타나는 증상들 (Signs and symptoms) 

 

Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat

Heavy sweating

Faintness

Dizziness

Fatigue

Weak, rapid pulse

Low blood pressure upon standing

Muscle cramps

Nausea

Headache

 

 

일사병을 일으키는 주요 원인들 (causes)

 

Your body's heat combined with environmental heat results in what's called your core temperature — your body's internal temperature. Your body needs to regulate the heat gain (and, in cold weather, heat loss) from the environment to maintain a core temperature that's normal, approximately 98.6 F (37 C).

 

Your body's failure to cool itself

In hot weather, your body cools itself mainly by sweating. The evaporation of your sweat regulates your body temperature. However, when you exercise strenuously or otherwise overexert in hot, humid weather, your body is less able to cool itself efficiently.

 

As a result, your body may develop heat cramps, the mildest form of heat-related illness. Signs and symptoms of heat cramps usually include heavy sweating, fatigue, thirst and muscle cramps. Prompt treatment usually prevents heat cramps from progressing to heat exhaustion.

You usually can treat heat cramps by drinking fluids or sports drinks containing electrolytes (Gatorade, Powerade, others), getting into cooler temperatures, such as an air-conditioned or shaded place, and resting.

 

 

일사병을 일으키는 그외 다른 원인들 (Other causes)

Dehydration, which reduces your body's ability to sweat and maintain a normal temperature

Alcohol use, which can affect your body's ability to regulate your temperature

Overdressing, particularly in clothes that don't allow sweat to evaporate easily

 

 

그외 위험 요소들 (Risk Factors)

 

Young age or old age. Infants and children younger than 4 and adults older than 65 are at higher risk of heat exhaustion. The body's ability to regulate its temperature isn't fully developed in the young and may be reduced by illness, medications or other factors in older adults.

 

Certain drugs. Medications that affect your body's ability to stay hydrated and respond appropriately to heat include some used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems (beta blockers, diuretics), reduce allergy symptoms (antihistamines), calm you (tranquilizers), or reduce psychiatric symptoms such as delusions (antipsychotics). Additionally, some illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can increase your core temperature.

 

Obesity. Carrying excess weight can affect your body's ability to regulate its temperature and cause your body to retain more heat.

 

Sudden temperature changes. If you're not used to the heat, you're more susceptible to heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion. Traveling to a warm climate from a cold one or living in an area that has experienced an early heat wave can put you at risk of a heat-related illness because your body hasn't had a chance to get used to the higher temperatures.

 

A high heat index. The heat index is a single temperature value that considers how both the outdoor temperature and humidity make you feel. When the humidity is high, your sweat can't evaporate as easily and your body has more difficulty cooling itself, making you prone to heat exhaustion and heatstroke. When the heat index is 91 F (33 C) or higher, you should take precautions to keep cool.

 

 

가벼운 일사병이 일으킬수있는 합병증 (Complications)

 

Untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition that occurs when your core body temperature reaches 104 F (40 C) or higher. Heatstroke requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage to your brain and other vital organs that can result in death.

 

 

예방 (Prevention)

 

Wear loosefitting, lightweight clothing. Wearing excess clothing or clothing that fits tightly won't allow your body to cool properly.

 

Protect against sunburn. Sunburn affects your body's ability to cool itself, so protect yourself outdoors with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. Apply sunscreen generously, and reapply every two hours — or more often if you're swimming or sweating.

 

Drink plenty of fluids. Staying hydrated will help your body sweat and maintain a normal body temperature.

 

Take extra precautions with certain medications. Be on the lookout for heat-related problems if you take medications that can affect your body's ability to stay hydrated and dissipate heat.

 

Never leave anyone in a parked car. This is a common cause of heat-related deaths in children. When parked in the sun, the temperature in your car can rise 20 degrees Fahrenheit (more than 6.7 C) in 10 minutes.

 

It's not safe to leave a person in a parked car in warm or hot weather, even if the windows are cracked or the car is in shade. When your car is parked, keep it locked to prevent a child from getting inside.

 

Take it easy during the hottest parts of the day. If you can't avoid strenuous activity in hot weather, drink fluids and rest frequently in a cool spot. Try to schedule exercise or physical labor for cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or evening.

 

Get acclimated. Limit time spent working or exercising in heat until you're conditioned to it. People who are not used to hot weather are especially susceptible to heat-related illness. It can take several weeks for your body to adjust to hot weather.

 

Be cautious if you're at increased risk. If you take medications or have a condition that increases your risk of heat-related problems, such as a history of previous heat illness, avoid the heat and act quickly if you notice symptoms of overheating. If you participate in a strenuous sporting event or activity in hot weather, make sure there are medical services available in case of a heat emergency.

 

 

 

열사병 (Heat stroke) 이란, 

 

Heatstroke is a condition caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures. This most serious form of heat injury, heatstroke, can occur if your body temperature rises to 104 F (40 C) or higher. The condition is most common in the summer months.

 

Heatstroke requires emergency treatment. Untreated heatstroke can quickly damage your brain, heart, kidneys and muscles. The damage worsens the longer treatment is delayed, increasing your risk of serious complications or death.

 

 

나타나는 증상들 (Signs and symptoms) 

 

High body temperature. A core body temperature of 104 F (40 C) or higher, obtained with a rectal thermometer, is the main sign of heatstroke.

Altered mental state or behavior. Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures and coma can all result from heatstroke.

Alteration in sweating. In heatstroke brought on by hot weather, your skin will feel hot and dry to the touch. However, in heatstroke brought on by strenuous exercise, your skin may feel dry or slightly moist.

Nausea and vomiting. You may feel sick to your stomach or vomit.

Flushed skin. Your skin may turn red as your body temperature increases.

Rapid breathing. Your breathing may become rapid and shallow.

Racing heart rate. Your pulse may significantly increase because heat stress places a tremendous burden on your heart to help cool your body.

Headache. Your head may throb.

 

위와 같은 열사병 증상이 보이면 응급을 불러야합니다. (call 911)

If you think a person may be experiencing heatstroke, seek immediate medical help. Call 911 or your local emergency services number.

 

Take immediate action to cool the overheated person while waiting for emergency treatment.

 

Get the person into shade or indoors.

 

Remove excess clothing.

 

Cool the person with whatever means available — put in a cool tub of water or a cool shower, spray with a garden hose, sponge with cool water, fan while misting with cool water, or place ice packs or cold, wet towels on the person's head, neck, armpits and groin.

 

 

원인들 (causes)

 

Exposure to a hot environment. In a type of heatstroke, called nonexertional (classic) heatstroke, being in a hot environment leads to a rise in core body temperature. This type of heatstroke typically occurs after exposure to hot, humid weather, especially for prolonged periods. It occurs most often in older adults and in people with chronic illness.

 

Strenuous activity. Exertional heatstroke is caused by an increase in core body temperature brought on by intense physical activity in hot weather. Anyone exercising or working in hot weather can get exertional heatstroke, but it's most likely to occur if you're not used to high temperatures.

 

 

In either type of heatstroke, your condition can be brought on by:

 

Wearing excess clothing that prevents sweat from evaporating easily and cooling your body

Drinking alcohol, which can affect your body's ability to regulate your temperature

Becoming dehydrated by not drinking enough water to replenish fluids lost through sweating

 

 

그외 위험 요소들(Risk factors)

 

Age. Your ability to cope with extreme heat depends on the strength of your central nervous system. In the very young, the central nervous system is not fully developed, and in adults over 65, the central nervous system begins to deteriorate, which makes your body less able to cope with changes in body temperature. Both age groups usually have difficulty remaining hydrated, which also increases risk.

 

Exertion in hot weather. Military training and participating in sports, such as football or long-distance running events, in hot weather are among the situations that can lead to heatstroke.

 

Sudden exposure to hot weather. You may be more susceptible to heat-related illness if you're exposed to a sudden increase in temperature, such as during an early-summer heat wave or travel to a hotter climate.

 

Limit activity for at least several days to allow yourself to acclimate to the change. However, you may still have an increased risk of heatstroke until you've experienced several weeks of higher temperatures.

 

Certain medications. Some medications affect your body's ability to stay hydrated and respond to heat. Be especially careful in hot weather if you take medications that narrow your blood vessels (vasoconstrictors), regulate your blood pressure by blocking adrenaline (beta blockers), rid your body of sodium and water (diuretics), or reduce psychiatric symptoms (antidepressants or antipsychotics).

 

Stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and illegal stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine also make you more vulnerable to heatstroke.

 

Certain health conditions. Certain chronic illnesses, such as heart or lung disease, might increase your risk of heatstroke. So can being obese, being sedentary and having a history of previous heatstroke.

 

 

심각한 열사병일 일으킬수있는 합병증 (Complications)

 

depending on how long the body temperature is high. Severe complications include:

Vital organ damage. Without a quick response to lower body temperature, heatstroke can cause your brain or other vital organs to swell, possibly resulting in permanent damage.

Death. Without prompt and adequate treatment, heatstroke can be fatal.

 

 

예방 (Prevention)

위의 일사병 "예방(Prevention)내용과 같습니다.

 

위의 내용은,

Mayo clinic에서 잘 정리해놓은것을 복사해보았습니다. 

읽어보시면, 중복되는것이 많듯이 일사병과 열사병을 잘 구분하는것이 중요하고, 일사병이 열사병으로 악화될수있고, 열사병 증상이 보일때는 911을 불러야합니다.

위의 글들을 다 안읽어보시더라도, 다음 몇가지만 읽으셔도, 간단히 정리가 될듯합니다^^

 

다음 몇가지는 꼭 알아야할 일사병과 열사병의 다른점들 그리고 응급처치법입니다. 

 

1)일사병은 땀을 많이 흘리고, 창백해지며 두통, 구역, 구토, 어지럼증을 호소한다.  피부가 차고, 체온은 크게 상승하지않는다.  

반면 열사병도 심한두통과 어지럼증, 구역질 증상을 보인다. 하지만 중요하게 다른점은 의식이 혼미해지거나 심하면 의식을 잃기도 하며,

열이 눈이띄게 높고 (above 104F/40C) , 땀은 나지않는다.

 

2)열사병은 의식장애, 발작, 언어장애 즉, 뇌졸증과 비슷한 증상들을 보인다. 

Altered mental state or behavior. Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures and coma can all result from heatstroke.

 

3)일단 일사병/열사병 같은 증상들이 보이면 - 그늘로 옮겨 편안하게 눕힌다 - 가슴과 배등의 옷을 느슨하게 해준다 - 차가운것들로 몸의 열을 식히도록 한다 

 

4)일사병/열사병 증상들이 있을시, 먼저 의식이 있는지 확인한다 - 의식이 있으면 충분한 양의 물과 sports drinks/electorlyte drinks을 준다 -

단, 의식이 없을시에는 "do not give fluids", 입으로 어떤것도 주어서는 안된다 (기도 폐쇄 위험이 있다), 열사병일시에는 call 911. 

 

한눈에 구분할수있는 잘 정리된 것이 있어서 copy 해보았습니다.^^